---
name: ffmpeg-waveforms-visualization
description: |
  Complete audio visualization system.
  PROACTIVELY activate for: (1) Animated waveforms (showwaves), (2) Static waveform images (showwavespic), (3) Spectrum analyzers (showspectrum), (4) Frequency bar visualizations (showfreqs), (5) Stereo vectorscope (avectorscope), (6) Musical note display (showcqt), (7) SoundCloud-style waveforms, (8) Music video visualizers, (9) Podcast waveform videos, (10) Combined visualization dashboards.
  Provides: Filter parameter tables, color scheme options, scale comparisons, template commands for music videos and podcasts.
  Ensures: Professional audio visualizations for content creation.
---

## CRITICAL GUIDELINES

### Windows File Path Requirements

**MANDATORY: Always Use Backslashes on Windows for File Paths**

When using Edit or Write tools on Windows, you MUST use backslashes (`\`) in file paths, NOT forward slashes (`/`).

### Documentation Guidelines

**NEVER create new documentation files unless explicitly requested by the user.**

---

## Quick Reference

| Visualization | Filter | Output | Command Snippet |
|---------------|--------|--------|-----------------|
| Animated waveform | `showwaves` | Video | `[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x720:mode=line[v]` |
| Static waveform | `showwavespic` | Image | `[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:colors=0x00FF00` |
| Spectrum | `showspectrum` | Video | `[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:color=fire` |
| Frequency bars | `showfreqs` | Video | `[0:a]showfreqs=s=1280x720:mode=bar` |
| Vectorscope | `avectorscope` | Video | `[0:a]avectorscope=s=512x512:mode=lissajous` |

| Color Scheme | Effect |
|--------------|--------|
| `rainbow` | Full spectrum gradient |
| `fire` | Warm orange/red tones |
| `cool` | Blue tones |
| `viridis` | Scientific colormap |

## When to Use This Skill

Use for **audio visualization creation**:
- Music video waveform backgrounds
- Podcast video thumbnails
- SoundCloud-style waveform images
- Spectrum analyzer overlays
- Audio-reactive visualizations

---

# FFmpeg Waveforms and Audio Visualization (2025)

Complete guide to generating audio waveforms, spectrum analyzers, and audio-reactive visualizations using FFmpeg.

## Audio Visualization Filters

### Filter Overview

| Filter | Output | Use Case |
|--------|--------|----------|
| showwaves | Video of animated waveform | Music videos, live vis |
| showwavespic | Static waveform image | Thumbnails, podcasts |
| showspectrum | Spectrum analyzer video | Frequency analysis |
| showspectrumpic | Static spectrum image | Audio fingerprinting |
| showfreqs | Frequency bars video | Equalizer visualization |
| avectorscope | Stereo phase visualization | Audio engineering |
| ahistogram | Audio level histogram | Loudness analysis |
| showcqt | Constant-Q transform | Musical note visualization |

## Waveform Generation (showwaves)

### Basic Animated Waveform

```bash
# Simple waveform video
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x720:mode=line[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
  waveform.mp4

# Waveform from video with audio
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1920x200:mode=line[wave];[0:v][wave]overlay=0:H-200[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a copy \
  video_with_wave.mp4
```

### Waveform Modes

```bash
# Line mode (default) - connected lines
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line[v]" \
  -map "[v]" waveform_line.mp4

# Point mode - individual points
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=point[v]" \
  -map "[v]" waveform_point.mp4

# Filled mode - filled area
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=p2p[v]" \
  -map "[v]" waveform_filled.mp4

# Centered line mode
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=cline[v]" \
  -map "[v]" waveform_centered.mp4
```

### Available Modes

| Mode | Description |
|------|-------------|
| point | Draw a point for each sample |
| line | Draw lines between samples |
| p2p | Draw point-to-point (filled) |
| cline | Centered line mode |

### Colored Waveforms

```bash
# Single color waveform
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=cline:colors=0x00FF00[v]" \
  -map "[v]" green_wave.mp4

# Multi-channel colors (stereo)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:colors=red|blue:split_channels=1[v]" \
  -map "[v]" stereo_wave.mp4

# Gradient-style (requires multiple passes)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=cline:colors=0xFF6600[v]" \
  -map "[v]" orange_wave.mp4
```

### Rate and Scale

```bash
# Adjust waveform speed (n = samples per column)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:n=2[v]" \
  -map "[v]" fast_wave.mp4

# Adjust scale (amplitude)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:scale=lin[v]" \
  -map "[v]" linear_wave.mp4

# Logarithmic scale (better for quiet audio)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:scale=log[v]" \
  -map "[v]" log_wave.mp4

# Square root scale
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:scale=sqrt[v]" \
  -map "[v]" sqrt_wave.mp4

# Cube root scale (compressed dynamics)
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:scale=cbrt[v]" \
  -map "[v]" cbrt_wave.mp4
```

### Scale Options

| Scale | Description | Best For |
|-------|-------------|----------|
| lin | Linear amplitude | General use |
| log | Logarithmic | Quiet audio, speech |
| sqrt | Square root | Moderate compression |
| cbrt | Cube root | Heavy compression |

## Static Waveform Images (showwavespic)

### Basic Waveform Image

```bash
# Generate waveform PNG
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:colors=0x00FF00" \
  -frames:v 1 \
  waveform.png

# High-resolution waveform
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=3840x480:colors=white" \
  -frames:v 1 \
  waveform_hires.png
```

### Styled Waveform Images

```bash
# Split stereo channels
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x480:split_channels=1:colors=0xFF0000|0x0000FF" \
  -frames:v 1 \
  stereo_waveform.png

# Filled style
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:colors=0x1E90FF:draw=full" \
  -frames:v 1 \
  filled_waveform.png

# Scale adjustment
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:scale=sqrt:colors=0xFFD700" \
  -frames:v 1 \
  golden_waveform.png
```

### Waveform with Background

```bash
# Waveform on colored background
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "color=c=0x1a1a2e:s=1280x240:d=1[bg];\
                   [0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:colors=0x00FF88[wave];\
                   [bg][wave]overlay[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -frames:v 1 \
  waveform_bg.png

# Waveform on gradient background
ffmpeg -f lavfi \
  -i "gradients=s=1280x240:c0=0x000033:c1=0x003366:duration=1" \
  -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[1:a]showwavespic=s=1280x240:colors=0x00FFFF[wave];\
                   [0:v][wave]overlay[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -frames:v 1 \
  waveform_gradient.png
```

## Spectrum Visualization (showspectrum)

### Basic Spectrum Analyzer

```bash
# Animated spectrum
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:mode=combined:color=rainbow[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
  spectrum.mp4

# Vertical spectrum
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=720x1280:orientation=vertical:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  spectrum_vertical.mp4
```

### Spectrum Modes

```bash
# Combined channels
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:mode=combined[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_combined.mp4

# Separate channels
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:mode=separate[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_separate.mp4
```

### Color Schemes

```bash
# Rainbow spectrum
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:color=rainbow[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_rainbow.mp4

# Fire spectrum
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_fire.mp4

# Cool spectrum
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:color=cool[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_cool.mp4

# Channel-based colors
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:color=channel[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_channel.mp4
```

### Available Color Schemes

| Color | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| channel | Use channel colors |
| rainbow | Rainbow gradient |
| moreland | Diverging color map |
| nebulae | Space-like colors |
| fire | Warm fire colors |
| fiery | Intense fire |
| fruit | Fruit-inspired |
| cool | Cool blue tones |
| magma | Volcanic colors |
| green | Green gradient |
| viridis | Scientific colormap |
| plasma | Plasma colormap |
| cividis | Colorblind-friendly |
| terrain | Terrain-like |

### Spectrum Scale and Window

```bash
# Logarithmic frequency scale
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:fscale=log:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_log.mp4

# Different window functions
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:win_func=blackman:color=rainbow[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_blackman.mp4

# Higher frequency resolution
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1280x720:win_size=4096:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" spectrum_hires.mp4
```

## Static Spectrum Image (showspectrumpic)

```bash
# Full audio spectrogram
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrumpic=s=1920x480:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  spectrogram.png

# With legend
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrumpic=s=1920x480:color=rainbow:legend=1[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  spectrogram_legend.png

# Logarithmic frequency scale
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrumpic=s=1920x480:fscale=log:color=viridis[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  spectrogram_log.png
```

## Frequency Bars (showfreqs)

### Basic Frequency Display

```bash
# Bar-style equalizer
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showfreqs=s=1280x720:mode=bar:ascale=log:colors=green[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  freqs_bar.mp4

# Line-style frequency display
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showfreqs=s=1280x720:mode=line:colors=cyan[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  freqs_line.mp4

# Dot-style display
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showfreqs=s=1280x720:mode=dot:colors=0xFF00FF[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  freqs_dot.mp4
```

### Equalizer-Style Visualization

```bash
# Classic equalizer bars
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showfreqs=s=1280x720:mode=bar:fscale=log:ascale=log:win_size=1024:colors=0x00FF00[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
  equalizer.mp4
```

## Constant-Q Transform (showcqt)

### Musical Note Visualization

```bash
# Basic CQT visualization
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showcqt=s=1920x1080[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  cqt.mp4

# CQT with axis labels
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showcqt=s=1920x1080:axis=1:text=1:fontfile=/path/to/font.ttf[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  cqt_labeled.mp4

# Custom colors
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showcqt=s=1920x1080:sono_g='st(0, floor(log2(400*meter))); if(gt(ld(0),-2), if(lt(ld(0),0),ld(0)+2, if(lt(ld(0),3),1, 3-ld(0))),0)'[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  cqt_custom.mp4
```

## Vector Scope (avectorscope)

### Stereo Phase Visualization

```bash
# Basic vectorscope
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]avectorscope=s=512x512:mode=lissajous[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  vectorscope.mp4

# Polar mode
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]avectorscope=s=512x512:mode=polar:zoom=1.5[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  vectorscope_polar.mp4

# With color coding
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]avectorscope=s=512x512:mode=lissajous:draw=line:scale=sqrt[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  vectorscope_color.mp4
```

## Audio Histogram (ahistogram)

### Level Distribution Visualization

```bash
# Basic audio histogram
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]ahistogram=s=1280x720:dmode=separate[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  histogram.mp4

# Combined mode
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]ahistogram=s=1280x720:dmode=combined:slide=scroll[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  histogram_combined.mp4
```

## Combining Visualizations

### Waveform Over Video

```bash
# Waveform overlay at bottom
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1920x200:mode=cline:colors=white@0.7[wave];\
                   [0:v][wave]overlay=0:H-200[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a copy \
  video_waveform.mp4

# Transparent waveform overlay
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1920x1080:mode=p2p:colors=0x00FF00@0.5:scale=sqrt[wave];\
                   [0:v][wave]blend=all_mode=addition[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  video_wave_blend.mp4
```

### Multiple Visualizations

```bash
# Waveform + Spectrum side by side
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]asplit=2[a1][a2];\
                   [a1]showwaves=s=640x360:mode=cline:colors=green[wave];\
                   [a2]showspectrum=s=640x360:color=fire[spec];\
                   [wave][spec]hstack[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  combined_vis.mp4

# Full visualization dashboard
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]asplit=4[a1][a2][a3][a4];\
                   [a1]showwaves=s=640x240:mode=cline:colors=cyan[wave];\
                   [a2]showspectrum=s=640x240:color=fire:scale=log[spec];\
                   [a3]showfreqs=s=640x240:mode=bar:colors=lime[freq];\
                   [a4]avectorscope=s=640x240:mode=lissajous[vec];\
                   [wave][spec]hstack[top];\
                   [freq][vec]hstack[bottom];\
                   [top][bottom]vstack[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  dashboard.mp4
```

### Visualization with Progress Bar

```bash
# Waveform with animated progress indicator
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwavespic=s=1280x200:colors=0x333333[bg];\
                   [0:a]showwaves=s=1280x200:mode=cline:colors=0x00FF00:n=4[wave];\
                   [bg][wave]overlay[v];\
                   color=c=red:s=4x200:d=$(ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 audio.mp3)[bar];\
                   [v][bar]overlay=x='t/$(ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 audio.mp3)*W'[out]" \
  -map "[out]" -map 0:a \
  waveform_progress.mp4
```

## Podcast/Music Video Templates

### SoundCloud-Style Waveform

```bash
# Static waveform for music thumbnail
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "color=c=0x1a1a2e:s=1200x300:d=1[bg];\
                   [0:a]showwavespic=s=1200x200:colors=0xFF6B00:scale=sqrt[wave];\
                   [bg][wave]overlay=0:50[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -frames:v 1 \
  soundcloud_wave.png
```

### Music Visualizer Video

```bash
# Full music visualizer
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 -i album_art.jpg \
  -filter_complex "[1:v]scale=1920:1080,boxblur=30[bg];\
                   [0:a]showwaves=s=1920x300:mode=cline:colors=white:scale=sqrt[wave];\
                   [1:v]scale=400:400[art];\
                   [bg][wave]overlay=0:H-350[tmp];\
                   [tmp][art]overlay=(W-400)/2:(H-400)/2-100[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 23 -c:a aac -b:a 192k \
  music_video.mp4
```

### Podcast Waveform Video

```bash
# Podcast with waveform and title
ffmpeg -i podcast.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "color=c=0x2d3436:s=1920x1080:d=$(ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 podcast.mp3)[bg];\
                   [0:a]showwaves=s=1920x400:mode=cline:colors=0x74b9ff:scale=sqrt[wave];\
                   [bg][wave]overlay=0:(H-400)/2[tmp];\
                   [tmp]drawtext=text='Episode Title':fontsize=72:fontcolor=white:x=(w-tw)/2:y=100[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
  podcast_video.mp4
```

## Performance Optimization

### Large Audio Files

```bash
# Use threading for faster processing
ffmpeg -i long_audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:n=4[v]" \
  -threads 0 \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v libx264 -preset fast -c:a aac \
  output.mp4
```

### Hardware Acceleration

```bash
# NVENC encoding for visualization
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showspectrum=s=1920x1080:color=fire[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast -c:a aac \
  spectrum_nvenc.mp4
```

## Troubleshooting

### Common Issues

**"Buffer too small" error**
```bash
# Increase buffer size
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:n=1[v]" \
  -map "[v]" output.mp4
```

**Waveform appears silent/flat**
```bash
# Adjust scale for quiet audio
ffmpeg -i quiet_audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]volume=10,showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:scale=log[v]" \
  -map "[v]" output.mp4
```

**Audio/video sync issues**
```bash
# Force frame rate
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:rate=30[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -map 0:a \
  -r 30 \
  output.mp4
```

**Visualization too fast/slow**
```bash
# Adjust samples per column (n)
# Higher n = faster scrolling
# Lower n = slower scrolling
ffmpeg -i audio.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0:a]showwaves=s=1280x360:mode=line:n=3[v]" \
  -map "[v]" output.mp4
```

This guide covers FFmpeg audio visualization. For video transitions and effects, see the transitions-effects skill.


---
Source attribution: JosiahSiegel
Original project: https://github.com/JosiahSiegel/claude-plugin-marketplace/blob/5a1b1123b9e50aa9a66a61005ca6fe012cc7442d/plugins/ffmpeg-effects/skills/ffmpeg-waveforms-visualization/SKILL.md
License: MIT
License information: https://opensource.org/license/mit
Original upstream instructions; downloaded from Dave AI.

## Upstream license notice

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2025 Josiah Siegel

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.




# Dave AI resource metadata

Creator / publisher: JosiahSiegel
Original project: https://github.com/JosiahSiegel/claude-plugin-marketplace/blob/5a1b1123b9e50aa9a66a61005ca6fe012cc7442d/plugins/ffmpeg-effects/skills/ffmpeg-waveforms-visualization/SKILL.md
Attribution basis: Recovered original package and original project license at a pinned revision

Fields of work: Content & Media, Design, Marketing
Roles: Content Marketer, Graphic Designer, Podcast Producer, Video Producer
Specialties: API
Tools: FFmpeg
Country applicability: Country not specified
Classification basis: Source catalog labels
Instruction SHA-256: e323c66a411319bffb395f844c0693a1ba94233d45dce477d6192f21a1f7b6b3
Metadata reviewed: 2026-10-27
This metadata supersedes earlier Dave AI catalog attribution. Original instruction and supporting files are preserved.