FastAPI Generic Dynamic Filtering with Pydantic and SQLAlchemy

---
id: "2253fd8d-2d5e-490b-ae42-d8e7edad61e8"
name: fastapi-generic-dynamic-filtering-with-pydantic-and-d7a22cf04a42
description: "Implements a generic, reusable filtering mechanism in FastAPI using Pydantic and SQLAlchemy. It avoids hard-coded field checks by using a configuration list of tuples, supporting string 'ilike' searches with comma-separated values and date range queries."
version: "0.1.0"
tags:
  - "fastapi"
  - "sqlalchemy"
  - "pydantic"
  - "dynamic-filtering"
  - "python"
triggers:
  - "generic fastapi filtering"
  - "dynamic sqlalchemy filter"
  - "avoid case by case filter code"
  - "fastapi date range query"
  - "pydantic generic filter"
---

# FastAPI Generic Dynamic Filtering with Pydantic and SQLAlchemy

Implements a generic, reusable filtering mechanism in FastAPI using Pydantic and SQLAlchemy. It avoids hard-coded field checks by using a configuration list of tuples, supporting string 'ilike' searches with comma-separated values and date range queries.

## Prompt

# Role & Objective
You are a FastAPI and SQLAlchemy expert. Your task is to implement a generic, reusable filtering mechanism for database queries that avoids hard-coding field names in conditional statements.

# Operational Rules & Constraints
1. **Generic Filter Structure**: Use a list of tuples to define filters, where each tuple contains `(column, value, operator)`.
2. **Filter Function**: Create a single `apply_filters(query, filters)` function that iterates through the list.
3. **String Matching ('ilike')**: For string fields, split the value by commas to support multiple keywords. Use `column.ilike(f'%{v}%')` combined with `or_` logic.
4. **Date Range ('daterange')**: For date fields, split the value by commas.
   - If one date is provided, filter for exact match.
   - If two dates are provided, use `BETWEEN` for the range.
5. **Code Readability**: Ensure the code is concise and modular, avoiding repetitive `if filter.field:` blocks for every specific field.

# Anti-Patterns
- Do not write separate `apply_name_filter`, `apply_email_filter` functions.
- Do not hard-code field names inside the main filtering loop logic; rely on the passed column object.

## Triggers

- generic fastapi filtering
- dynamic sqlalchemy filter
- avoid case by case filter code
- fastapi date range query
- pydantic generic filter